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Andersonville National Historic Site
The Andersonville National Historic Site, located near Andersonville, Georgia, preserves the former Camp Sumter (also known as Andersonville Prison), a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp during the American Civil War. Most of the site lies in southwestern Macon County, adjacent to the east side of the town of Andersonville. As well as the former prison, the site also contains the Andersonville National Cemetery and the National Prisoner of War Museum.
The site is an iconic reminder of the horrors of Civil War prisons. It was commanded by Captain Henry Wirz, who was tried and executed after the war for murder. It was overcrowded to four times its capacity, with inadequate water supply, reduction in food rations, and unsanitary conditions. Of the approximately 45,000 Union prisoners held at Camp Sumter during the war, nearly 13,000 men died. The chief causes of death were scurvy, diarrhea, and dysentery. Friends provided care, food, and moral support for others in their social network, which helped prisoners survive.〔Dora L. CVosta and Matthew E. Kahn, "Surviving Andersonville: The Benefits of Social Networks in POW Camps," ''American Economic Review'' (2007) 97#4 pp. 1467–1487.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Camp Sumter / Andersonville Prison )〕
== Conditions ==
The prison, which opened in February 1864,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Andersonville Civil War Prison Historical Background )〕 originally covered about of land enclosed by a high stockade. In June 1864 it was enlarged to . The stockade was in the shape of a rectangle by . There were two entrances on the west side of the stockade, known as "north entrance" and "south entrance".〔Pamphlet ''Andersonville'', National Park Service〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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